FASCIOLA LARVAE: ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT Potentilla fulgens AGAINST SPOROCYST, REDIA AND CERCARIA
PRADEEP KUMAR *
Department of Zoology, SGN Government PG College, Muhammadabad Gohna, Mau, 276403, U.P. India.
KUMARI SUNITA
Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India.
R. N. SINGH
Department of Zoology, Maharana Pratap PG College, Jungle Dhusan, Gorakhpur, U.P. India.
D. K. SINGH
Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, U.P. India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Fascioliosis caused by trematode Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica with complex life cycle, and primarily affect in both livestock and human. This disease occurs on all inhabited continents. Humans become infected after ingestion of contaminated food mostly aquatic wild vegetables or water. The life cycle of Fasciola can be interrupted by killing the vector snail or larva (sporocyst, redia and cercaria) in their habitats. In vitro toxicity of dried root powder of Potentilla fulgens, different organic extract and column purified fraction was performed in the Petridis. Infected snail Lymnaea acuminata was dissected in a glass Petridis which containing 10 ml of dechlorinated water at 23oC-25oC. These larvae were kept in dechlorinated tap water where they survive up to 48 h in laboratory condition. Mortality of sporocyst, redia and cercaria were observed after 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h of treatment. Counting of a larva was done with help of microscope. Per cent mortality of larvae at each concentration for 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h were used for determination of LC50. In in vitro treatment of different organic extract and column purified fraction of P. fulgens was used. Highest toxicity was observed against sporocyst, redia and cercaria after treatment of column purified fraction (2 h LC50 was 62.42, 59.25 and 45.11 mg/L, respectively). After 8 h LC50 of column purified fraction against sporocyst, redia and cercaria were observed 54.20, 49.37 and 38.13 mg/L, respectively. The present study conclusively shows that medicinal plant P. fulgens have anthelmintic (sporocyst, redia and cercaria) larvicides activities against F. gigantica. It can use in in vivo treatment of infected host snails of Fasciola larvae within the body, which may be useful for control of fascioliasis without killing host snails.
Keywords: Reproductive capacity, Fascioliasis, sex ratio, Potentilla fulgens, Noemuchei/vs denisoni Day, sporocyst, Mandai river, redia, cercaria
How to Cite
References
Urquhart G, Armour J, Duncan J, Dunn A, Jennings F. Veterinary parasitology. 2nd Ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1996.
Borgsteede F. Diseases of dairy animals, parasites, internal: Liver flukes. In: Fuquay JW, editor. Encyclopedia of dairy sciences. San Diego: Academic. 2011;264-9.
Bennema SC, Ducheyne E, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E, Hendrickx G, Charlier J. Relative importance of management, meteorological and environmental factors in the spatial distribution of Fasciola hepatica in dairy cattle in a temperate climate zone. Int J Parasitol. 2011;41:225-33.
Taylor M, Coop R, Wall R. Veterinary parasitology. 3rd Ed. Oxford: Wiley; 2013.
Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD, Valero MA. Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods and prevention measures. Parasitology. 2018; 145(13):1665-1699.
Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Climatic change effects on trematodiases, with emphasis on zoonotic fascioliasis and schistosomiosis. Veterinary Parasitology. 2009; 163: 264-280.
Osman EA, Mohamed EM, Abu Elreesh BI, Elegami AA. Molluscicidal activity of Cobretum glutinosum. International J. Mole. Medand Adv. Sci. 2007;3(4):151-54.
Singh O, Agarwal RA. Toxicity of certain pesticides to two economic species of snails in northern India. J Econ Entomol. 1981;74: 568-71.
Kumar P, Singh DK. Molluscicidal activity of Ferula asafoetida, Syzygium aromaticum and Carum carvi and their active components against the snail Lymnaea acuminata. Chemosphere. 2006;63:1568-74.
Sunita K, Singh DK. Fascioliasis control: In vivo and in vitro phytotherapy of vector snail to kill Fasciola larva. Journal of Parasitology Research. 2011;1-7.
Kumar P, Singh VK, Singh DK. Bait formulations of molluscicides and their effects on biochemical changes in the ovotestis of snail Lymnaea acuminata (Mollusca; Gastropoda: Lymnaeaeidae). J. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo. 2011;53(5):271-75.
Kumar P, Sunita K, Singh DK. Molluscicidal activity of different organic root extract of Potentilla fulgens against liver fluke vector snail Indoplanorbis exustus. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 2018;12:30-35.
Kumar P, Sunita K, Singh RN, Singh DK. Fascioliasis: A fluke infection is food-borne parasitic zoonosis and control their vectors. Int. J. Biol. Med. Res. 2020;11(1):6982-89.
Kaul K, Jaitak V, Kaul VK. Review on pharmaceutical properties and conservation measures of Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Hook.-a medicinal endangered herb of higher Himalaya. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour. 2011;2: 298-306.
Robertson JL, Russell RM, Preciter HK, Savin NE. Bioassay with arthropods data. 2nd Eds Taylar and Francis, CRC Press. 2007;1-224.
Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. Introduction of biostatistics, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, Co, USA; 1996.
Hemalatha S, Laloo D, Prasad SK, Krishnamurthy S. Gastroprotective activity of ethanolic root extract of Potentilla fulgens Wall. Ex Hook. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2013;146:505-14.
Roy B, Swargiary A, Syiem D, Tandon V. Potentilla fulgens (Family: Rosaceae), a medicinal plant of North-East India: A natural anthelmintic. J. Parasit Dis. 2010;34:83-88.
Rosangkima G, Prasad SB. Antitumour activity of some plants from Meghalaya and Mizoram against Murine ascites Dalton’s lymphoma. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2004;42:981-8.
Jaitak V, Kaul VK, Himlata N, Kumar B, Singh J, Dhar, Sharma OP. New hopane triterpenes and antioxidant constituents from Potentilla fulgens. Net Prod. Commun. 2010;5: 1561-66.
Hoste H, Jackson F, Athanasiadou S, Thamsborg SM, Hoskin SO. The effects of tannin-rich plants on parasitic nematodes in ruminants. Trends in Parasitology. 2006;22: 253-61.
Hoste H, Martínez-Ortiz-De-Montellano C, Manolaraki F, Brunet S, Ojeda-Robertos N, Fourquaux I, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Sandoval-Castro CA. Direct and indirect effects of bioactive tannin-rich tropical and temperate legumes against nematode infections. Veterinary Parasitology. 2012;186:18-27.
Athanasiadou S, Kyriazakis I, Jackson F, Coop RL. The effects of condensed tannins supplementation of foods with different protein content on parasitism, food intake and performance of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. British Journal of Nutrition. 2001;86:697-706.
Molan AL, Waghorn GC, Mcnabb WC. Effect of condensed tannins on egg hatching and larval development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in vitro. Veterinary Record. 2002;150:65-69.
Barrau E, Fabre N, Fouraste I, Hoste H. Effect of bioactive compounds from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) on the in vitro larval migration of Haemonchus contortus: Role of tannins and flavonol glycosides. Parasitology. 2005;131:531-38.
Majaw S, Challam SK, Syiem D. Effect of Potentilla fulgens L. on selective enzyme activities and altered tissue morphology in diabetic mice. J. Morphol Sci. 2018;38:153-60.
Akhar MS, Zafar Iqbal khan MN, Lateef M. Anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants with particular refence to their use in indo Pakistan sub continent. Small Rumin. 2000;38: 99-107.