DETERMINANTS OF UNDERNUTRITION AMONG INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN IN JIMA GENETI DISTRICT, WESTERN OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
TAMIRU YAZEW *
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Shambu Campus, Wollega University, Shambu, Ethiopia.
AGAMA DABA
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Shambu Campus, Wollega University, Shambu, Ethiopia.
GUTEMA BEKELE
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Shambu Campus, Wollega University, Shambu, Ethiopia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background and Objective: Malnutrition is of public health importance in developing countries including Ethiopia and is responsible for over half of child deaths each year from preventable causes. Therefore, this study was designed to identify determinants of under-nutrition among infants and young children in Jima Geneti district, western Oromia, Ethiopia.
Materials and Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in October, 2019. Multi stages sampling methods were employed to select 500 children. Child dietary diversity score (DD) was assessed using a 24 hrs recall method. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and anthropometric data were used to determine food insecurity and nutritional status, respectively. SPSS version 20.0 was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated to under-nutrition among children and statistical association was declared significant if p-value was less than 0.05.
Results: The finding of this study revealed that the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children was 19.6%, 27% and 11.8%, respectively. In multivariate analysis of this study, wealth index, food insecurity, child birth order, antenatal care visit, wild edible foods intake, having a history of sickness and dietary diversity score were determinants of under-nutrition.
Conclusion: This study concluded that under-nutrition among children in the study area is very high. Therefore, nutritional intervention through community based behaviour change communication (BCC) should be initiated to overcome the determinants of under-nutrition and further to improve the nutritional related health status of children.
Keywords: Under-nutrition, underweight, stunting, wasting, determinants
How to Cite
Downloads
References
IFPRI. Leveraging agriculture for improving nutrition and health: Highlights from an International Conference. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institutep; 2011.
FAO, IFAD, WFP. The state of food insecurity in the world: Meeting the 2015 International hunger targets: Taking stock of uneven progress, Italy. Rome; 2015.
Sarah CB, Daniel OG, John H, et al. Targeting food security interventions: The case of Ethiopia's productive safety net program. International Food Policy Research Institute; 2013
Ghattas H. Food security and nutrition in the context of the global nutrition transition. Technical Paper. FAO, Rome; 2014.
Kahsay A, Mulugeta A, Seid O. Nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months from food secure and food insecure households in rural communities of Saesie Tsaeda-Emba District, Tigray, North Ethiopia: Comparative study. Clinical Medicine Res. 2015;4(1):51-65.
Bealu B, Tekle E, Fissahaye D, et al. Household food insecurity and its association with nutritional status of children 6–59 months of age in East Badawacho District, South Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2017;17.
Ali D, Saha KK, Nguyen PH, et al. Household food insecurity is associated with higher child undernutrition in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam, but the effect Is not mediated by child dietary diversity. Journal of Community and International Nutrition. 2013;143.
Ahmed A, Shahabeddin R, Kourosh D. Nutritional status of under five children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2017;27(1): 175.
Akombi B, Agho K, Hall J, et al. Stunting, wasting and underweight in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017; 14:863.
Berhanu T, Tigist T. Risk factors associated with under-five stunting, wasting, and underweight based on ethiopian demographic health survey datasets in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism; 2019.
Das S, Gulshan J. Different forms of malnutrition among under five children in Bangladesh: A cross sectional study on prevalence and determinant. BMC Nutrition. 2017;3:1.
Endris N, Asefa H, Dube L. Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children in rural Ethiopia. BioMed Research International. 2017;6.
Kasaye HK, Bobo FT, Yilma MT, et al. Poor nutrition for under-five children from poor householdsin Ethiopia: Evidence from 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. PLoS ONE 2019;14(12).
Khanam M, Shafiun N, Razzaque A. Individual, household and community level determinants of childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh. Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology. 2019;6:1-12.
Tekile A, Woya A, Basha G. Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Research Notes. 2019;12:391.
Tosheno D, Adinew YM, Thangavel T, et al. Risk Factors of Underweight in Children Aged 6–59 Months in Ethiopia. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2017;8.
Mulu E, Mengistie B. Household food insecurity and its association with nutritional status of under five children in Sekela District, Western Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Nutrition. 2017;3:35.
Singh A, Ram F. Household food insecurity and nutritional status of children and women in Nepal. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2014;35(1).
Rahman M. Association between order of birth and chronic malnutrition of children: A study of nationally representative Bangladeshi sample. 2016;32(2).
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102311X00011215
Ali Z, Saaka M, Adams A, et al. The effect of maternal and child factors on stunting, wasting and underweight among preschool children in Northern Ghana. BMC Nutrition. 2017;3:31.
Jisha H, Tamiru D. Dietary patterns and anthropometric status of under-five children in Arba Minch Zuria, Gamo Gofa Zone: Community-based cross-sectional study. J Adv Dairy Res. 2015;3:138.
Khamis AG , Mwanri AW, Ntwenya WJ, et al. The influence of dietary diversity on the nutritional status of children between 6 and 23months of age in Tanzania. BMC Pediatrics. 2019;19:518.
Motbainor A, Worku A, Kumie A. Stunting Is associated with food diversity while wasting with food insecurity among underfive children in east and west Gojjam Zones of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8).
Ukegbu PO, Ogu VC. Assessment of dietary diversity score, nutritional status and socio-demographic characteristics of under-5 children in some rural areas of Imo State, Nigeria. Mal J Nutr. 2017;23(3): 425-435.
Siéa C, Tapsobaa, C. Daha, et al. Dietary diversity and nutritional status among children in rural Burkina Faso. Int Health. 2018;10:157–162.
Asfaw M, Wondaferash M, Taha M, et al. Prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among children aged between six to fifty nine months in Bule Hora district, South Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:41.
Paré B, Dahourou D, Kabore A, et al. Prevalence of wasting and associated factors among 6 to 23 months old children in the Sahel Region of Burkina Faso. Pan African Medical Journal; 2019.
Ingram Irving SJ. From food production to food security: Developing interdiscip-linary, regional level research; Doctoral Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; 2011.
Labadarios D, Steyn NP, Nel J. How diverse is the diet of adult South African? Nutrition Journal. 2011; 10(33).
Powell B, et al. Improving diets with wild and cultivated biodiversity from across the landscape. Food Security 2015;7:535–554.
Nti C. Dietary diversity is associated with nutrient intakes and nutritional status of children in Ghana. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011;2(2).
Abajobir A, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016; 2017.
Darmon N, Drewnowski A. Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: A systematic review and analysis; 2015.
Hirvonen A, Hoddinott J, Targeting food security interventions when “everyone is poor”: The Case of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme International Food Policy Research Institute; 2014.
CSA. Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2014.
Abdurahman A, Mirzaein K, Dorosty RA, et al. Household food insecurity may predict underweight and wasting among children aged 24–59 months. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 2016;21:18.
FAO. Guidelines for measuring household and individual dietary diversity (Version 4). FAO, Rome, Italy; 2008.
Haile A, Amboma T. Children’s nutritional status and its determinants in small towns, Sebeta Hawas district, Oromia, Ethiopia. J Food Sci Nutr. 2018; 1(1):33-4.
Wondu G. Household food insecurity predicts childhood undernutrition: A cross-sectional study in West Oromia (Ethiopia). Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2020;9.
Abel G, Surender R, Afework M, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among under-five children in pastoral communities of Afar Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2019;13.
Tamiru Y, Agama D. Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Children (Aged 2-5 Years) in Food Secure and Insecure Households in Kuyu Woreda, Oromia, Ethiopia. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences. 2020;8(3): 55-62.